Charles Darwin's

Journal of Researches
and
Voyage of the Beagle
Comparison of Selected Editions

John Woram

The following table summarizes a few Title and Preface details about the cited print editions of the work, plus the Project Gutenberg eText edition which was used in the preparation of the Voyage … text. A link in the “Edition” column displays the text for that edition. The Table is followed by a few more details about each edition.

Date †	Edition	#	Title	Preface Concludes with
1838	(See 1838 edition, below)
1839	vol. III of Narrrative …	4/10.3	Journal and Remarks …	C. D.
1839	first	5/11	Journal of Researches …	C. D.
1845	second	7/13		June, 1845
1860 1890 1890 1890	(tenth thousand), New Edition, first illustrated edition same, American edtion	10/20 28/58 29/59 390/64		Down, Bromley, Kent June, 1845
1901	New Edition with Illustrations	55/97		June 1845.
1905	(new title)	59/106	The Voyage of the “Beagle”	(preface omitted)
1909	Harvard Classics	–/119		(same as 1860, 1890)
1997	Project Gutenberg	―		(same, but dated June 9, 1845)
† Each date is a link to the section discussing that edition. # Numbers, if given in 1965/1977 editions of Darwin bibliographer R. B. Freeman's Annotated Bibliographical Handlist. Summary of Spine & Cover details, Preliminary pages.

Falkner Note: Darwin misspells the name of Thomas Falkner, S. J. as Falconer—an error not corrected in any edition listed here. Although Darwin provides a page number for only one of these citations in a footnote, links are provided here (in the 1905 Voyage of the Beagle text) for all five of his citations. Darwin does spell the name correctly in his notebooks (see Darwin Online website), as do King and FitzRoy in their volumes, so it is unclear how the misspelling escaped the notice of both Darwin and his editors.

---

1838 Edition

According to Freeman, Darwin's Journal and Remarks was printed in 1838, in advance of the King/FitzRoy/Darwin 1839 editions described below:

“The manuscript of the main text was finished by June 1837, and it, with the index, was in print early in 1838.”

Freeman states that it lacked the Preface and Addenda of the 1839 edition, but he does not indicate if it had its own Preface. Nor does he give a title. The work does not appear on the Darwin Online website, there is no other known account of it, and in fact Freeman himself does not include it in his own “List of English Editions.”

In a November 4, 1837 letter to Henslow, Darwin wrote that:

“… a good many errata are left in the part of my volume, which is printed. … [and] … I sat the other evening gazing in silent admiration at the first page of my own volume, when I received it from the printers!” [emphasis added]

And later on, in an April 1, 1838 letter to his sister Susan, he wrote of FitzRoy that:

“He is working very hard at his book, which I suppose will really be out in June. I looked over a few pages of Captain King's Journal … .”

In context, it would appear that in 1837-38 Darwin only saw printed portions, first of his own work, and later of King et al. Perhaps Freeman meant that although parts of two Narrative volumes were printed prior to 1839, these were put aside until FitzRoy eventually completed his own volume, and the three-volume (plus Appendix) edition was published.

---

1839 Editions

For the 1839 King/FitzRoy/Darwin Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle … volumes, Darwin added a Preface and inserted a seven-page Addenda immediately before the Index—both the Addenda and the Index are paginated pp. 609-615, and his work is titled “Journal and Remarks.” In the same year, it was published separately as Journal of Researches … . Although the latter title is usually thought to have been published after the Narrative set, Freeman states (without explanation) that it “…was issued at the same time as the set.”

Titles: Although he also states that Darwin's work “ … has changed its name four times” since it appeared as Journal and Remarks, this would suggest that title was followed by four others. However, only three others are known:

• Journal of Researches … Geology and Natural History …
• Journal of Researches … Natural History and Geoloty …
• Voyage of the Beagle

Perhaps Freeman meant to say that Darwin's work has had four titles over its lifetime.

---

1845 Edition

In a 31 May, 1845 letter to John Murray (his new publisher), Darwin writes that he will send the first part of the manuscript “… by our weekly carrier on Thurday morning.” That would be June 4, and on June 6 in another letter to Murray, he writes that “I sent the M.S. to you yesterday (June 5th? Or perhaps a minor dating error). In his 27 August letter to Murray, Darwin reports that he has completed the manuscript, and in a 29 August letter to J. D. Hooker, he refers to this new edition, “Which thank all the Stars in Heaven, I have at last finished.” In Hooker's 14 September letter to Darwin, he replies that “I am indeed pleased with the last Edition of the Journal, which you have so kindly sent me.” It is assumed here that Hooker's “last Edition” refers to the latest (second) edition, not the previous (first) edition.

It would therefore appear that the book was published in early September. As noted, Darwin sent the revised Journal chapters to Murray in three installments which, according to Charles Darwin and his publisher, were printed in the July (1-8), August (9-15) and September (16-21), 1845 issues of Murray's Colonial and Home Library series. Presumably the Preface to the entire work, which Darwin dated June, 1845, was part of the July installment, and this date was not updated when the installments were combined into book form in September.

There are two known variations of the 1845 edition, in which a single sheet (pp. vii and viii) displays the Table of Contents as follows:

1. Chapters I-IV (p. vii) and V-VIII (p. viii) in single-column format, with no Table of Contents for subsequent chapters.
2. Chapters I-XI (p. vii) and XII-XXI (p. viii) in two-column format.

Variant 1 is a collation of the three monthly installments mentioned above, custom-bound into book format by owners once all three were available. Consequently, the spine and cover style will vary from one copy to another, with a link to one typical spine example spine in the Spine & Cover Details Table below.

Variant 2 is of course the complete 1845 edition, bound in the scarlet cloth that Murray used for his Colonial and Home Library series.

For the moment, a question remains unanswered: Was the July installment the only one to include its own Table of Contents page? The “evidence” (or rather, lack thereof), suggests this is the case: presumably the Preface and Table of Contents for Chapters I through VIII (paginated as pp. i-viii), were the opening pages of that installment. When Murray subsequently published the complete edition, he simply replaced the final sheet listing the first eight chapters with a new one listing the twenty-one chapters of the complete work. If there had been separate Content sheets for chapters IX-XV and XVI-XXI, Murray would have had no reason to compress the complete Table of Contents to fit the single sheet of Variant 2.

To further support the lack of Table of Contents pages for the second and third installments, each of these begins with an opening signature at the bottom of the first page (“N” and “Z” respectively). If there had been a Table of Contents for these parts, presumably it would have been the first page of these signatures. The following table summarizes the layout of this edition:

Part	Sections	Signatures	Pages	Pagination
Preliminaries *	1	(A)	8	i-viii
I	11	B-I, K-M	16	1-176
II	10	N-U, X-Y	16	177-336
III	11	Z, 2A-2I, 2K	8	337-512
	1	2L	4	513-520
* Preliminary pages were bound with the Part I monthly installment. Signature (A) not printed on first page.

The John Murray Archives at the National Library of Scotland holds a single copy of Variant 1 and only one other copy has been found so far. Neither the Library, nor any other known source, holds separate copies of the three Colonial and Home Library monthly installments as originally printed and sold. Therefore, the suspected lack of Tables of Contents for the August and September installments cannot be verified. Furthermore, Freeman's Handlist (1977 edition) gives contradictory information on this point:

• p. 35: “Each [part] had its own contents leaf, headed Part I (II, III).”
• p. 39: “… probably one contents leaf to each part.”

In context, it is assumed here that Freeman's p. 35 citation should also read probably; that is, he logically assumed there were contents leaves for each part, when in fact there were not, for the reasons described above. If anyone has information/evidence/whatever that would help resolve this issue, please contact John Woram at

---

1839 and 1845 Edition Comparisons

NOTE: The 1839/1845 pages and the comments below are intended simply as a guide to comparing these editions. For an actual reading of the work, the 1905 Edition text described later on is probably preferable, as it incorporates Darwin's post-1845 revisions, provides links to selected works cited by Darwin, plus links to Google Earth views of the locations he visited.

The two columns on the Journal of Researches page compare the 1839 (left) and 1845 (right) editions, based on the Project Gutenberg eText edition of the latter at http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/944/pg944.html. Text found only in the 1839 edition is derived from (and courtesy of) John van Wyhe, editor of “The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online” — at http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.3&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Minor edits have been made to conform to current Strict XHTML standards.

Text spread across both columns is common to both editions. A word {or phrase in braces} followed by “/” and another word {or phrase in braces} indicates a minor variation between editions. Thus, A/B indicates the 1839/1845 texts. A “~” on either side of the “/” indicates that edition has no word {or phrase} equivalent to the other edition. An underlined italic phrase displays the illustration present at that location (four in 1839, fourteen in 1845). All illustrations may also be displayed sequentially in a pop-up window. Those appearing for the first time in the 1845 edition are the work of the engraver James Lee, whose name appears only on the volcanic bomb engraving. See Jordi Corbera's La il-lustració a l'obra de Charles Darwin (in Catalan, with English abstract) for more details.

Text in each column follows the sequence in which it appears in that edition. Minor variations in punctuation between editions are not noted. Hover over any text to display chapter number(s). If in A/B format, A = 1839, B = 1845 edition, as above.

At the rear of the 1839 edition, pp. 609-629 comprise an Addenda of corrections/revisions to various pages. These have been moved to the appropriate locations, and are prefaced by “Addendum to Page xx” where xx is the page number in the 1839 edition. Each Addendum immediately follows the paragraph—and its footnote(s), if any—to which it refers.

At places within the text where Darwin refers to a page number within his own Journal, that citation provides a link to the appropriate place within this HTML page (which does not include Darwin's pagination).

In the Table of Contents, the date at the top of each column refers to the three monthly installments of Colonial and Home Library in which the chapters in that column were printed prior to publication of the complete 1845 edition.

Some text sections are surrounded by one of the following border styles:
Green background	Text appears elsewhere in other edition. Click within box to view equivalent text in other edition.
Grey background*	Segments of 1839 text omitted in 1845 edition.
Double-line border	Editor's note, or text from Addenda at rear of 1839 edition.
Dotted-line underscore	Phrase referred to in an Addendum or by Darwin's reference to a page number.
Dotted-line border	Excerpt from Darwin's Diary. Equivalent text did not appear in 1839 edition of his Journal.
Dashed-line border†	Text appears in indicated volume and page in FitzRoy's Narrative.
* Style not used if blank space in adjacent 1845 column makes it clear that 1839 text was omitted. † Absence of equivalent text in 1839 edition indicates Darwin referred to FitzRoy's volumes in preparing the 1845 edition.

Chapter Titles
NOTE: Each Table of Contents gives chapter number, selected chapter topics, but not the actual chapter title. These titles do appear however on the first page of each chapter, and are given here in ALL CAPS, followed by one or more of the listed chapter topics.
1839: Journal and Remarks 1831-1836. & 1839: Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History …		1845: Journal of Researches into the Natural History & Geology … & 1890: Journal of Researches into the Natural History & Geology …
I	ST. JAGO―CAPE DE VERD ISLANDS. Porto Praya	I	ST. JAGO―CAPE DE VERD ISLANDS. Porto Praya
II	RIO DE JANEIRO. Rio de Janeiro	II	RIO DE JANEIRO. Rio de Janeiro
III	MALDONADO. Porto Praya	III	MALDONADO. Porto Praya
IV	RIO NEGRO TO BAHIA BLANCA. Rio Negro	IV	RIO NEGRO TO BAHIA BLANCA. Rio Negro
V	BAHIA BLANCA. Bahia Blanca	V	BAHIA BLANCA. Bahia Blanca
VI	BAHIA BLANCA TO BUENOS AYRES. Set out for Buenos Ayres	VI	BAHIA BLANCA TO BUENOS AYRES. Set out for Buenos Ayres
VII	BUENOS AYRES TO ST. FE. Excursion to St. Fe	VII	BUENOS AYRES TO ST. FÉ. Excursion to St. Fé
VIII	BANDA ORIENTAL. Monte Video―Excursion to Colonia del Sacramiento	VIII	BANDA ORIENTAL AND PATAGONIA. Excursion to Colonia del Sacramiento
IX	PATAGONIA. Rio Plata		(Moved to end of Chapter VIII.)
X	SANTA CRUZ―PATAGONIA. Santa Cruz	IX	SANTA CRUZ, PATAGONIA, AND THE FALKLAND ISLANDS. Santa Cruz
XI	TIERRA DEL FUEGO. Tierra del Fuego	X	TIERRA DEL FUEGO. Tierra del Fuego
XII	FALKLAND ISLANDS. Falkland Islands		(Moved to end of Chapter IX.)
XIII	STRAIT OF MAGELLAN. Strait of Magellan	XI	STRAIT OF MAGELLAN―CLIMATE OF THE SOUTHERN COASTS. Strait of Magellan
XIV	CENTRAL CHILE. Valparaiso	XII	CENTRAL CHILE. Valparaiso
XV	CHILOE AND CHONOS ISLANDS. Chiloe	XIII	CHILOE AND CHONOS ISLANDS. Chiloe
XVI	CHILE AND CONCEPCION. San Carlos, Chiloe	XIV	CHILE AND CONCEPCION: GREAT EARTHQUAKE. San Carlos, Chiloe
XVII	PASSAGE OF CORDILLERA. Valparaiso	XV	PASSAGE OF THE CORDILLERA. Valparaiso
XVIII	NORTHERN CHILE AND PERU. Bell Mountain—Miners―Great loads carried by the Apires―Coquimbo	XVI	NORTHERN CHILE AND PERU. Coast-road to Coquimbo―Great Loads carried by the Miners―Coquimbo
XIX	GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. Galapagos Islands volcanic	XVII	GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. Galapagos Archipelago
XX	TAHITI AND NEW ZEALAND. Tahiti	XVIII	TAHITI AND NEW ZEALAND. Pass through the Low Archipelago―Tahiti
XXI	AUSTRALIA. Sydney	XIX	AUSTRALIA. Sydney
XXII	CORAL FORMATIONS. Keeling Island	XX	KEELING ISLAND:―CORAL FORMATIONS. Keeling Island
XXIII	MAURITIUS TO ENGLAND. Mauritius	XXI	MAURITIUS TO ENGLAND. Mauritius

---

1860 Edition

In a Postcript inserted at the end of the Preface (p. vii), Darwin corrects a few errors [1, 3, 4 in the list below], and adds a comment [2]. In the subsequent 1890 editions, these insertions appear as footnotes on the appropriate page. The Postscript appears immediately below, and each correction/comment ends with a link to the footnote in the 1890 editions. The a/b page format refers to the New and Illustrated editions, respectively.

---

1890 Editions

Murray apparently published two editions this year, with frontispieces and variants as indicated:

1. “New Edition”—Engraving of Darwin
2. “New Edition with Illustrations by R. T. Pritchett.”—H.M.S. Beagle in Straits of Magellan
        Illustrated Edition Variants:
   1. Two folded maps, followed by HMS Beagle drawings before Index
   2. HMS Beagle drawings between Table of Contents & List of Illustrations; two folded maps after Index
   3. HMS Beagle drawings absent (as noted by Freeman), two folded maps after Index
   4. HMS Beagle drawings absent, two folded maps before Index (D. Appleton American edition)

The latter (illustrated) edition adds eleven plates by the artist, plus numerous figures within the text. Each new illustration bears a caption, and a caption is added to some, but not all, illustrations that appeared in previous editions without captions. As noted above, drawings of HMS Beagle deck plans appear in some editions, either in front or in back, though Freeman reports these were absent in copies he examined. The drawings are often directly attributed to Philip Gidley King (1817-1904),* who was a midshipman at the time of Darwin's Beagle voyage.

* Philip Gidley King's grandfather bore the same first and middle names, but named his own son Phillip Parker King (captain of HMS Adventure) after Admiral Arthur Phillip, hence the Philip/Phillip spellings. Philip is often mis-spelled as Phillip, and of course vice versa.

In her The “Beagle” Diary, Nora Barlow writes (p. v) that King's drawings “… were prepared at the request of [Alexander Henry] Hallam Murray [younger brother of publisher John Murray], who used one of them [p. 12 in Barlow] in the illustrated edition of the Naturalist's Voyage in 1890.” Kings's actual sketch does not appear in this edition, but served as the reference for the drawing that was published. *

* In HMS Beagle: Survey Ship Extraordinary, author Karl Heinz Marquardt writes of a letter from King to Hallam Murray, dated 3 November 1897 (p. 25). It was actually dated 1891, and enclosed with it were King's Beagle sketches, drawn from memory when he was about 73 years old. Murray had them professionally redrawn and inserted an extra plate in copies of the illustrated edition printed ca. 1892, but still dated 1890 on the title page. This accounts for the plate's absence in the earliest editions of the illustrated edition.

Lady Barlow writes of another letter “… from King to Capt. Fisher, * written in 1897, enclosing press copies of the drawings, and giving an account of their preparation for Mr Hallam Murray.”

* According to Darwin's great-great-grandson Simon Keynes, this letter, dated 8 December 1897, was to Captain, and later Admiral Sir Frederic William Fisher, KCVO, who was In Australia in 1897.

As noted above, illustrations that appeared in earlier editions can be displayed sequentially in a pop-up window. In addition, the illustrated edition has the dubious distinction of being the first edition to include a James Island cactus sketch on the final page of Darwin's Galápagos chapter (XVII). Freeman describes this “miserable little scribble of a cactus” as the work of Darwin himself, but it is in fact derived from an illustration by John Stevens Henslow in his “Description of Two New Species of Opuntia….” Henslow described the drawing as follows:

“I am also indebted to Mr Darwin for this second Cactus, of which he brought home in a dry state the specimens here figured [Henslow's Figure 2]. … From the summit of the trunk numerous branches spread on all sides, somewhat in the manner represented by Fig. f., taken from a very rude sketch of Mr Darwin's.”

Although Henslow does not state where he saw Darwin's sketch, it subsequently appeared in the margin near the end of his October 9, 1835 Diary entry:

“In rocky parts there were great numbers of a peculiar Cactus whose large oval leaves connected together formed branches rising from a cylindrical trunk.”

Compare Darwin, Henslow and Murray drawings.

With the exception of one chapter (XIV) which ends with a full page of text, every other chapter in this edition concludes with a well-done illustration by Pritchett or others. The final page of the Galápagos chapter concludes with five lines of text, and without this sketch the rest of the page would be blank. So perhaps Murray realized this at the last minute, did not have anything suitable on hand, and had this sketch done in some haste to fill the empty space, using Henslow's original for reference.

Some 1845 illustrations were enhanced by Pritchett for the 1890 illustrated edition, as this scissor-beak example shows. A complete list of illustrations is given below, where pagination is compared with the 1901 edition.

As already noted, the items in the 1860 Postscript above are inserted as footnotes on the indicated pages in both editions, as follows:

Chapter	New Edition footnote symbol & page	Illustrated Edition footnote number & page
V	*, p. 78	1, p. 87
	†, p. 78	2, p. 87
XVII	*, p. 366	1, p. 406
	†, p. 366	1, p. 407

These footnotes are seen here in the 1905 edition described below.

---

1901 Edition

According to Freeman (p. 16, 1965), this edition “ … and subsequent reprints of it contain sixteen plates, all but one of which are present either as plates or as text figures in the [illustrated] edition of 1890.” In Freeman's second edition (p. 36, 1977), the sentence is re-written to state that this and subsequent editions “ … contain sixteen plates giving all the illustrations which are present, either in plates or as text figures, in that of 1890, including the one of the layout [ie, the Beagle deck plans redrawn from Philip Parker King's sketches].”

Freeman's comments are potentially confusing: His “all but one of which” refers to the Beagle deck plan which did not appear in the early printings of the illustrated edition. And of 103 illustrations in the 1890 illustrated edition, only twenty-one appear in this edition. Of those, the sixteen full-page plates facing the pages cited in the table below are indicated by a highlighted background. The remaining six illustrations are on pages which also contain text, as are most of the corresponding illustrations in the 1890 illustrated edition.

Freeman does not mention that the Beagle engraving by R. T. Pritchett in the 1890 editions was replaced in the 1901 edition by John Clements Wickham's engraving of the ship.

List of Illustrations
Title	1890 Illustrated Edition *	1901 Edition
H.M.S. Beagle	Frontispiece (by Pritchett, 1890; by Wickham, 1901)
untitled deck plans (1890) Diagrams of the Beagle (1901)	(in some later printings of 1890 edition) †	1
Fernando Noronha	1	24
Botofogo Bay, Rio Janeiro	12
Rio Janeiro	32	32
Vampire Bat … caught on back of Darwin's horse	23	48
Hydrochærus Capybara, or Water-Hog	40
Skinning Uji, or Water-Serpents	103	98
All Sails Set	Title page & p. 531 (as “Homeward Bound”)
Mylodon	140	130
Basaltic Glen, Rio Negro [sic, Rio Santa Cruz] ‡	192	182
Condor (Sarcorhampfus Gryphus)	187	186
Cape Horn. Two Views	pp. 222, 223	212
Chilenos	337	262
Chilian Miner	277
Chiloe. Two Views	pp. 312, 313	294
Antuco Volcano, near Talcahuano	311	314
Bridge of the Incas, Uspallata Pass	357	340
Beaks of the Geospiza	379/405 (as “Finches from Galapagos Archipelago”)	384
Eimeo, and Barrier-Reef	432	410
Fatahua Fall, Tahiti	436	418
Whitsunday Island	466/495	471
Barrier Reef round the Island of Bolabola	469/498	474
Sections of Coral Reefs	471/500	476
Sections of Coral Reefs	473/502	478
Sections of Coral Reefs	474/503	480
* Pagination in X/Y format given for six 1890 illustrations that first appeared in the 1845 edition. † The deck plans from the 1890 edition (seen here) are inverted in the 1901 edition—upper deck at top, middle section below, and the 1890 keys to numbers on the plans are omitted. Beagle in Table of Contents, “BEAGLE” on illustration. ‡ See Basaltic glen footnote in Voyage of the Beagle for more details.

---

1905 Edition

The text is essentially the same as the 1845 edition, with minor variations as noted on the annotated Journal of Researches page. For example, 1845 text {enclosed in braces} and the accompanying illustration, are omitted. As noted in the table at the top of this page, the Preface is omitted.

At places in the text where Darwin refers to FitzRoy, or mentions something also described by him, a link is provided to the appropriate reference point in FitzRoy's Narrative (vol. II). [This feature not yet completed.]

Icons found within annotated text
XX	(where  XX  is chapter number.) In Google Earth 3D view, display all placenames within indicated chapter.§
	A link to Google Earth 3D view of HMS Beagle location.
	Same, but Darwin is travelling overland. In Chapter X (“Tierra del Fuego”), Darwin may be aboard the Beagle or ashore, as should be clear by the context.
	In Chapter X, this location is also seen from, or visited by, Cruceros Australis ships.
	If not already installed, visit Google Earth website to download application.
Placemarks seen in Google Earth 3D view:
	HMS Beagle position where Darwin left or rejoined the ship.
	Location along ship's route. Also inland location mentioned but not visited by Darwin.
	Location added for informational purposes.
	Location visited by Darwin on one of his overland excursions, or on brief shore visit from ship.
	Thought to be location described by Darwin, but not yet verified.
§ Placenames in these chapters are spread over an extended area, and are therefore placed within two or more files. Each file opens at the altitude appropriate to display some, but not all, placenames cited in the chapter. In these chapters, click the shaded roman numeral chapter number for an overview of all placenames. Then zoom in as required to view the desired area.

Although this is the first edition to use The Voyage of the “Beagle” as its title, the same usage appears on the half-title pages of both 1890 Murray editions, and The Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle appears on the front covers of the Murray & Appleton 1890 illustrated editions.

---

1909 Harvard Classics Edition

The table shows a few text variations between the 1845 and 1909 editions. Variations in the three highlighted rows also appear in the 1905 Voyage … edition.)

Chapter	Page(s)*	1845 Edition	1909 & Gutenberg Texts
VI	106/112	September 8th	September 18th
VIII	144/149	stable foundation	staple foundation
VIII	163/168	a close connexion thirteen feet water	a close connection† thirteen feet of water
IX	199/203	carrion-vulture or Polyborus	carrion-vulture of Polyborus
XII	263/268	very different temperatures	very different temperature
XIII	275/279	volcano of Osorno	volcano of Orsono
XV	322/326	the bleak mountains	the black mountains
XVI	339/343 360/364	beds of alfarfa large salina	beds of alfalfa large saline
XVIII	402/406 421/425	80° or 83° Both their persons	80 or 83° But their persons
XIX	448/451	The Beagle staid‡ here	The Beagle stayed here
XX	467/471	Thus the Radock group	Thus Radock group
XXI	490/493	have nowhere to build!	have nowhere to build.
XXI	502/504	the illimitable ocean?	the illimitable ocean.
Harvard and Gutenberg (see below) texts use the same series of numbered footnotes—as superscripts (Harvard), [in brackets] (Gutenberg). * X/Y format indicates page in 1845/1909 editions. † Same variation appears elsewhere throughout the text. ‡ “staid” appears seven times in Chapters XIX-XXI; “stayed” thirty times in book, including once in Chapters XX and XXI.

---

1997 Project Gutenberg Online Edition

The 1909 Harvard Classics edition described above is thought to be the source for the Gutenberg eText because both Harvard and Gutenberg display the same text variations from the 1845 edition, as shown in the table above.

Since Harvard's Preface date is simply June, 1845, the actual source of Gutenberg's June 9, 1845 date is unknown. This may be the style of some other unknown source, or a coding error in the online edition—most likely the latter.

A small icon within the Voyage … text is a Google Earth link to a place mentioned by Darwin. In most cases the link appears at the point when Darwin arrives at that place, even though he may have mentioned that location earlier in the text. If necessary, a bracketed placename—[Keel Point] for example— is inserted in the text to identify the place within Google Earth. The year [in brackets] is inserted at the head of each chapter, unless given by Darwin in his opening text. Hover mouse pointer over any text to display the chapter number.

See Robert FitzRoy's Table of Latitude, Longitude … for a more-complete list of coordinates.

Footnotes

Harvard places each footnote at the bottom of the appropriate page, while Gutenberg places them at the end of each chapter. Although earlier editions use *, †, ‡, etc. to denote Darwin's footnotes, both Harvard and Gutenberg sequentially number them within each chapter; the latter, in brackets. In this site's text, each footnote immediately follows the paragraph in which it is cited, using the Gutenberg style. Thus, [1], [2], and so on.

The symbols § and §§ signify additional footnotes inserted by the editor of the text on this site. Additional minor edits have been made to conform to current XHTML Strict standards. The original 1997 Project Gutenberg text at http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/944/pg944.html was updated in 2003.